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Contents
Contents
Laws of Physics : A Primer
Belal E. Baaquie
Core Curriculum
National University of Singapore
(corbeb@nus.edu.sg)
Contents
Science and the Scientific Method
Method
The Scientific Method
Mode of Inquiry in Physics
Interconnectivity of the Scientific Disciplines
Interconnectivity of Physics with other Disciplines
Physical Laws
Rationale and Outline of Lecture Notes
Domains of Physical Phenomena
Dimensions and Units
Experimental Uncertainties
Order of Magnitude Estimates
Mode of Presentation
Energy
Why should we study the concept of energy?
From Force to Energy
Newton's Laws
Back to Energy
Conservation of Energy
Kinetic Energy
Work
Power
Constant Acceleration
Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Elastic Potential Energy
Mass as a Form of Potential Energy
Gravitational and Electrostatic Potential Energy
Negative Energy:Bound States
Escape Velocity and Black Holes
Probability
Probability and Uncertainty
Probability in Physics
Discrete Random Variables
Bernoulli Random Variable
Binomial Random Variable
Random Walk
Continuous Random Variables
Uniform Random Variable
Normal or Gaussian Random Variable
Waves
Transverse Waves
Frequency of a Wave
Energy, Power and Intensity of a Wave
Longitudinal Waves
*Energy Propagation in Waves
Superposition of Waves
Standing Waves
Resonance
*Beats
Doppler Effect
Electromagnetic radiation; light
Geometrical Optics :Fermat's Principle of Least Time
Reflection
Refraction
Total Internal Reflection
Electromagnetic Field
Electromagnetic Waves
Interference and Diffraction
Interference
*Diffraction
Doppler Effect for Light
Electric and Magnetic Fields
Electric Charges and Force
Electric Fields
Electrostatic Potential
Potential due to Point Charges
Electric Current; Resistance
Capacitor : Storing Electrical Energy
*RC Circuit
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Field Due to a Current
Current due to a Magnetic Field
Maxwell's Equations
Entropy
Why do we need the concept of Entropy?
Temperature and Heat
Temperature
Heat
Ideal Gas
First Law of Thermodyamics
Entropy
Reversible Processes
Irreversible Processes
An Irreversible Process :Free Expansion
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Engines
Reversible Heat Engines
Reversible Refrigerator
Maximum Efficiency of Heat Engines
Free Energy
*Microscopic Definition of Entropy
Irreversibility, Time and Heat Death
*Statistical Mechanics
Entropy Revisited
Classical Statistical Mechanics
Ensembles
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Pressure
Temperature
Quantum Theory
Why do we need Quantum Theory?
Evidence for Quantum Theory
Planck's Quantum Hypothesis
Bohr atom;Electron Wave
Basic Postulates of Quantum Theory
Wave Function
*Complex Numbers
Quantum Particle in a Box
Two State System
Quantum Superposition Principle
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
*Path Integral Quantum Mechanics
*Energy in Quantum Mechanics
*Quantum Mechanics and other Disciplines
*Quantum Theory and Philosophy
Atoms and the Periodic Table
Brief History of Atom
Atoms: Nuclei and Electrons
Atoms and Quantum Numbers
Principal Quantum Number and the Bohr Atom
Quantization of Angular Momentum
Magnetic Quantum Number
Spin
Degeneracy of States
Exclusion Principle
The Periodic Table
Noble Gases
Alkali Metals and Halogens
Spectral Lines of an Atom
Molecules and Quarks and Gluons
References
About this document ...
Marakani Srikant 2000-09-11
